Can cerebral angiography detect vasospasm?
Background and purpose: Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is the standard of reference for detecting cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).
What is brain dialysis?
Brain dialysis, also called microdialysis, is a new technique based on the push-pull cannula. It can be used for continuously perfusing and collecting perfusate of certain brain areas in freely moving animals.
What is the gold standard for cerebral vasospasm?
Introduction: Cerebral vasospasm (CV) is one of the most dreaded complications in patients who survive acute subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), and conventional cerebral angiography (DSA) is the gold standard for its diagnosis.
What is a brain aneurysm called?
A brain aneurysm, also known as a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), is a weak spot in the wall of a blood vessel inside the brain. Think of a weak spot in a balloon and how it feels stretched out and thin.
What is the purpose of microdialysis?
The technique of microdialysis enables the monitoring of neurotransmitters and other molecules in interstitial tissue fluid. This method is widely used for sampling and quantifying neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and hormones in the brain and periphery.
How is microdialysis done?
A microdialysis probe is implanted into the target brain tissue of the subject animal. Perfusate mimicking the extracellular fluid is slowly pumped through the microdialysis probe. At the tip of the probe, there is a membrane that allows extracellular molecules to diffuse into the perfusate.
How is vasospasm treated?
Nimodipine has been recommended as first-line medical treatment for preventing post-aSAH cerebral vasospasm. It is usually given orally at a dosage of 60 mg every 4 hours for 21 days after the initial subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Which medication is commonly used to improve neurological outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Calcium channel blockers have been shown to reduce the incidence of ischemic neurologic deficits, and nimodipine has been shown to improve overall outcome within 3 months of aneurysmal SAH. Calcium channel blockers and other antihypertensives should be used cautiously to avoid the deleterious effects of hypotension.
Can microdialysis be done on humans?
Although microdialysis is still primarily used in preclinical animal studies (e.g. laboratory rodents, dogs, sheep, pigs), it is now increasingly employed in humans to monitor free, unbound drug tissue concentrations as well as interstitial concentrations of regulatory cytokines and metabolites in response to …
What are the different types of brain microdialysis?
Typically, all brain microdialysis experiments can be divided into two basic types: conventional microdialysis and no-net-flux microdialysis. In conventional microdialysis, neurotransmitter-free aCSF is perfused through the probe and the concentration of neurotransmitter that diffuses into the probe is measured.
What is microdialysis used to measure?
The technique of microdialysis enables the monitoring of neurotransmitters and other molecules in interstitial tissue fluid. This method is widely used for sampling and quantifying neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and hormones in the brain and periphery.
What is Microdialysis for subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Cerebral microdialysis is an emerging monitoring technique that is currently being studied for treatment of neurologic diseases such as subarachnoid hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury. Its ability to sample the molecules of the extracellular environment gives real-time information on the changing brain tissue post injury.
What is the role of artificial cerebrospinal fluid in microdialysis?
Some investigators, however, have suggested that perfusion of a neurotransmitter-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) during conventional microdialysis results in the formation of an artificial neurotransmitter concentration gradient, which enables detection of neurotransmitter changes in the implanted area (Di Chiara et al., 1996).